Finding and Using eBooks: Citing ebooks

Usually, if an ebook replicates the print version exactly (and provides identical page numbers), then you can cite the ebook as though it was print. There's no need to add URLs.

However, some ebook suppliers do not replicate the original print and may not use any pagination at all. Some ebook readers, such as Kindle or Kobo may use loc or % instead.

Ulster uses a number of Faculty or School-agreed referencing styles, and advice on how to cite ebooks generally (and deal with the pagination issue)  can vary between them.

Please refer to your specific referencing support guide for exact guidance:

• Ulster Harvard used by most of AHSS, CEBE and UUBS.
• Life and Health Sciences Referencing Guide which contains the LHS version of Harvard and support for APA.
• OSCOLA used for Law.

Other referencing styles, e.g. MLA, MHRA and Chicago are available in guides covering specific subject areas.