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Life and Health Sciences Research Support: Predatory Journals

Checking Tools- Here are a selection of tools to help determine the authenticity of a journal.

Red Flags

  • Rapid publication is promised.
  • The homepage language targets authors.
  • The journal does not have clear policies on retraction, corrections/errata, or plagiarism.
  • Description of the manuscript handling process is lacking.
  • The contact email address is non-professional and non-journal related.
  • Manuscripts are requested to be submitted by email instead of through an online submission system.
  • Journals claiming to be open access either retain copyright of published research or fail to mention copyright.
  • Article processing and/or publication charge is very low (e.g. < £150).
  • Information on whether and how journal content will be archived and preserved is absent.
  • Scope of journal is not clear.
  • Website contains spelling and grammatical errors.
  • No ISSN (International Standard Serial Number).
  • Not indexed by MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, or other legitimate abstracting or indexing services or databases.
  • Journal title mirrors the title of an established journal with one or two words being different.
  • Journal is not published by reputable or known publisher.
  • Journal sends unsolicited email invitations for submissions, reviewers, or to serve on its editorial board.
  • Looks like a trade journal, not a scholarly journal.
  • Advertising is accepted.

Quality Indicators

  • Scope of the journal is well-defined and clearly stated.
  • Journal’s primary audience is researchers/practitioners.
  • Editor, editorial board are recognized experts in the field.
  • Journal is affiliated with or sponsored by an established scholarly society or academic institution.
  • Articles are within the scope of the journal and meet the standards of the discipline.
  • Any fees or charges for publishing in the journal are easily found on the journal web site and clearly explained.
  • Articles have DOIs.
  • Journal clearly indicates rights for use and re-use of content at article level (e.g., Creative Commons CC BY license).
  • Journal has an ISSN 
  • Publisher is a member of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
  • Journal is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Journal is included in legitimate abstracting or indexing services or databases (such as MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science).