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Where page numbers are available: If you want to include text from a published work in your essay then the words must be included within double quotation marks, and may be introduced by such phrases as: The author stated that “……..” OR The author wrote that “……..” If the quotation is less than a line, include it in the body of the text in double quotation marks. Longer quotations should be indented, single-spaced and appear in double quotation marks. Note: Quotations should be used appropriately and not excessively. Reference List Example of the full reference at the end of your assignment: Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety. (2011) Delivering excellence supporting recovery: a professional framework for mental health in Northern Ireland (2011-2016). Belfast: DHSSPS. In-text citation Example 1 - direct quotations, less than 1 line: The Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS 2011, p.vii) stated that mental health nurses “are highly valued by service users and carers”. Reference List Example of the full reference at the end of your assignment: Noorzad, R. and Raveshi, M. (2017) Mechanical Behavior of Waste Tire Crumbs–Sand Mixtures Determined by Triaxial Tests. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 35, 1793–1802. In-text citation Example 1 - longer quotation, indented, single-spaced and appearing inside double quotation marks: A study on the environmental pollution and waste disposal benefits of using recycled vehicle tyres mixed with soil, clay or rock for landscape construction found that: “Depending on the applications, scrap tires can be used as whole tires, shredded tire (usually 50–300 mm in size), tire chips (the wire removed from a tire and a nominal size of about 12–50 mm), granulated and ground rubber (particle size ranging from 12 to 0.425 mm and 2 to 0.425 mm, respectively).” (Noorzad and Raveshi 2017, pp.1794-1795).
Where page numbers are not available: There may be occasions when you wish to quote from a source which does not contain page numbers. These would include a web page or an ebook with no pagination or an electronic journal article with no pagination (click here for an example from the journal PLoS ONE). On these occasions, use other information to help identify where the quote is located in the source - a paragraph number, section heading etc. Reference List Example of the full reference at the end of your assignment: Keating, C.T., Hickman, L., Geelhand, P., Takahashi, T., Leung, J., Monk, R., Schuster, B., Rybicki, A., Girolamo, T.M., Clin, E., Papastamou, F., Belenger, M., Inge-Marie Eigsti, I.- M., Cook, J. L., Kosaka, H., Osu, R., Okamoto, Y. and Sowden-Carvalho, S. Global perspectives on autism acceptance, camouflaging behaviours and mental health in autism spectrum disorder: a registered report protocol. PLoS ONE 16(12): e0261774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261774 In-text citation Example 1 - direct quotations, less than 1 line: "There are differences in levels of autism acceptance, camouflaging, and mental health difficulties across country groups" (Keating et al. 2024, Discussion section, para. 5).
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Points to note:
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