Life and Health Sciences Harvard Referencing Guidelines: No Publisher and/or No Place of Publication

Use [s.n.] where no publisher name is given. The abbreviation [s.n.] stands for the latin phrase "sine nomine" meaning "no name". In our case, it means "no name of publisher".

Use [s.l.] where no place of publication is given. The abbreviation [s.l.] stands for the latin phrase "sine loco" meaning "no place". In our case, it means "no place of publication".

Author/corporate author. (year) Title. edition. [s.l.]: [s.n].

Reference List

Example of the full reference at the end of your assignment:

Health and Social Care. (2020) NI wound care formulary. 3rd ed. [s.l.]: [s.n].

In-text citation 

Example 1 - where the author's name occurs naturally in the sentence

The Health and Social Care (2020) publication states the importance of assessing wounds in a consistent manner.

Example 2 - where the author's name does not occur naturally in the sentence

It is vital to assess all wounds in a consisted manner (Health and Social Care 2020).

Points to note:

• Use [s.n.] where no publisher name is given. The abbreviation [s.n.] stands for the latin phrase "sine nomine" meaning "no name". In our case, it means "no name of publisher".
  • Both letters must be typed in lower case. Follow each letter with a full stop. Place s.n. within a pair of square brackets [  ]; do not use round brackets (  ).
• Use [s.l.] where no place of publication is given. The abbreviation [s.l.] stands for the latin phrase "sine loco" meaning "no place". In our case, it means "no place of publication".
  • Both letters must be typed in lower case. Follow each letter with a full stop. Place s.l. within a pair of square brackets [  ]; do not use round brackets (  ).
• Every effort should be made to establish the publisher details if you intend to use this work as supporting evidence in an academic submission.